facebook

Afghanistanuka 2022

Afghanistanuka 2022 14-18 november

Seminar oversikt

16 November

Overskrift seminar
11:30 – 13:00 CET, 15:00 – 16:30 AFT

In early September, the Afghan governments negotiation team arrived in Doha for formal peace talks with the Taliban. However, the conflict in Afghanistan seems resistant to resolution. The positions held by the parties are far apart, the actual fighting is intense, external actors keep hedging their bets, and the rest of the world appears to be losing interest. Agreeing to talk has been challenging, defining the ground-rules for the talks is no less difficult, and the substantive negotiations will be extremely hard. The opening seminar for the 2020 Afghanistan Week takes a close look at the peace process, how fault lines, debates and alliances are taking shape, and the role of the key actors – Afghan as well as international – in this unfolding drama.

What have been the most difficult questions so far, and what can they tell us about the road ahead? What resources and support do the teams have at their disposal in Doha, and to what extent do they coordinate with (or report to) external actors? What will it take for the Afghan government and the Taliban to conclude a peace agreement acceptable to both? Even more importantly, what will it take to forge a sustainable agreement? And, watching the talks from Oslo, why was Norway replaced as a host site for the first round of talks, and what role might it play in the future?

Opening statement:
H.E Mr. Youssof Ghafoorzai, Ambassador of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan to Norway, Denmark and Iceland.

Main speakers:
Mujib Mashal, NY Times senior correspondent in Afghanistan
Kai Eide, Former UN Special Representative to Afghanistan, Norwegian diplomat, writer and analyst.

Comments:
Torunn Wimpelmann, Senior Researcher at Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI)
Yasir Ghulami, political scientist

Facilitator:
Kristian Berg Harpviken, Research Professor at the Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO)

17 November

SEMINAR 2: Islam vs Rights? The Taliban’s Negotiation Agenda for Law and Justice
11:30 – 13:00 CET, 15:00 – 16:30 AFT

An Islamization of Afghanistan’s constitution, legal framework and justice sector is likely to be at the center of the Taliban’s demands in the peace negotiations. Many in the Taliban leadership are trained in Islamic law and the movement’s promises to implement Sharia appears central to their claim to legitimacy. Exactly what changes the Taliban will propose are not yet known, and the implications are unclear. How and whether any formal changes are likely to affect the lives of men and particularly women’s access to rights and justice remains uncertain. The judiciary is one of the more conservative sectors in Afghan society and the Afghan legal framework, particularly criminal and family law, is already rooted in Islamic law. The sector is often accused of corruption and arbitrariness, as well as for being particularly inaccessible to women.

This panel will explore what is at stake in Taliban demands that Islam is given a more central role in law and in the administration of justice. To what extent is the current legal framework and justice system ensuring legality and women’s rights in reality? What could be the consequences if the Taliban insist on an elevation of Sharia – or specifically Hanafi fiqh – as a source of law, a theological vetting of the legislative process or reforms of the judiciary or legal education?

Speakers:
Siavash Rahbari, HQ Program Lead for Afghanistan at the International Development Law Organization (IDLO)
Prof. Lutfurahman Saeed, Assistant Professor at the Sharia (Islamic Law) School at Kabul University, Kabul, Afghanistan.
Jamila Afghani, Executive Director of Medica Afghanistan, and president of the Afghan section of the International Women’s League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF)

Comments:
Ashley Jackson, Research Associate at the Overseas Developmental Institute (ODI)

Facilitator:
Torunn Wimpelmann, Senior Researcher at Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI)

18 November

SEMINAR 3: Warlords and Survival Politics
11:30 – 13:00 CET, 15:00 – 16:30 AFT

With talks underway in Doha, former warlords, and other power holders – many with a history of changing alliances and wrecking past peace settlements – are positioning themselves in Afghanistan. Some are represented in the talks. Others declined to take part, and yet others have been excluded. The political uncertainty is both reflected in and worsened by rising insecurity and criminality in Afghanistan. Armed men roam the streets of Kabul, military groups defect to the Taliban, peace proponents are assassinated, and former warlords engage in talks with neighboring governments.

This panel will look at the latest chapter of Afghan armed politics in the context of the peace talks. What is the historical record of long-time power holders in placing themselves in relation to Afghan governments? When and why did they change sides and alliances? How are these elites positioning themselves today? How is their relationship with the Afghan government and the Taliban, centrally and locally? What is the nature and role of their relations with foreign powers, in the region and beyond, as this affects the prospects for concluding a sustainable peace agreement? While not a consolidated group, are these strongmen in a position to make or break a negotiated agreement?

Main speakers:
Dr. Romain Malejacq, Centre for International Conflict Analysis and Management (CICAM)
Emran Feroz, independent journalist and the Founder of Drone Memorial

Comments:
Emerita Dr. Astri Suhrke, Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI)

Facilitator:
Arne Strand, Deputy Director, Research Director, U4 Director, Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI)

19 November

SEMINAR 4: Red Lines and Shrinking Spaces: Activism under Threat in Afghanistan
08:30 – 10:00 CET, 12:00 – 13:30 AFT

The spread of social media and a certain level of openness provided new opportunities for activism and civil engagement from 2001 onwards. However, in 2019, the UN Human Rights Council added Afghanistan to the list of countries where civic freedoms are under serious threat. Across the country, journalists, activists, and intellectuals are being attacked and killed, and in recent months a series of targeted assassinations have shattered the relative safety of Kabul. Despite these risks, civil society continues to make its voice heard, with social media providing platforms for debate and activism.

In this panel, we will explore in what ways the space for civic engagement is transforming political processes and discuss how artists, poets, journalists, and activists deal with the new risks. What new opportunities – and pitfalls – have social media provided for activism and dialogue in Afghanistan? What issues are most sensitive or dangerous in today’s Afghanistan? What are the sources of danger, and what resources and support are available to those at risk for speaking out or raising a sensitive topic? Are there any topics on which Afghan activists can speak more freely now than five or fifteen years ago?

Main speakers:
Aziz Rafiee, Executive Director for the Afghan Civil Society Forum
Samiullah Hamidee, Founder and President of OSED

Comments:
Arne Strand, Deputy Director, Research Director, U4 Director, Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI)
Hasina Shirzad, journalist

Facilitator:
Liv Kjølseth, General Secretary for the Norwegian Afghanistan Committee (NAC)

SEMINAR 5: Peace from Below: How Can Communities Reconcile?
11:30 – 13:00, 15:00 – 16:30 AFT

If and when signed, a peace agreement will be an important step towards sustainable peace. Sustainability will require trust and support from ordinary Afghan citizens and their commitment to building peaceful communities. All over Afghanistan, across political and ethnic divides, there are victims of war, living with family loss and physical injuries, and lacking support and recognition. With no plan to hold war criminals accountable, might the wounds and divisions of war heal? In the absence of an inclusive, broad-based peace process, can peace and reconciliation take place at the local level?

This session will explore what peace looks like from the perspective of afghan citizens: women and men from different ethnic groups, living in rural and urban areas. Despite multiple challenges of poverty, insecurity, lack of trust and basic rights, there are local initiatives that bring people together and bridge divides. The panel will explore such initiatives and the experiences of those involved. It will feature Afghan peace activists working both in Kabul and in locations such as Badakhshan, Faryab and Ghazni. They will share from experience and reflect on potentials of peace from below and how Afghan communities can reconcile. The session is designed to be participatory. The audience can direct questions to the panelists who will respond during the Q&A section of the event.

Main speakers:
Hadi Marafat, Executive Director of the Afghan Center for Memory and Dialogue
Jamila Afghani, Executive Director of Medica Afghanistan, and president of the Afghan section of the International Women’s League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF)

Digital Dialogue:
Abdul Ghafar, Head of the Norwegian Afghanistan Committee’s (NAC) Regional Office in Ghazni City.
Wahida Ghorob, Head of the Norwegian Afghanistan Committee’s (NAC), provincial office in Faryab
Ehsanullah Zahir, Head of Programs for the Norwegian Afghanistan Committee’s (NAC) at the north-eastern regional office in Badakhshan
Khadija Safi, Senior Health Officer with the Norwegian Afghanistan Committee (NAC) in Kabul
Bashir Shoor, Head of Rural Development Programs for Norwegian Afghanistan Committee’s (NAC) in Kabul

Facilitator:
Norunn Grande, Acting Director of the Nansen Center for Peace and Dialogue (NCPD)

Co-facilitator:
Ibrahim Sakhi Afridi, Co-founder of Together We Build It – Norway

Closing remarks:
Terje Magnussønn Watterdal, Country Director for the Norwegian Afghanistan Committee (NAC)

Abdul Bashir Shor is Head of Rural Development Programs for the Norwegian Afghanistan Committee (NAC), and has been working in quality education, dialogue and conflict transformation, disaster risk reduction and food security in rural and hard to reach communities for more than 9 years. He has courses in Orientation and mobility for visually impaired people from German Jordanian University and Program Cycle Management from Ruhr university Bochum Germany in cooperation with APPRO in Afghanistan. He is currently in his last year of studies in Law and Political Science.

Abdul Ghafar Rahmati is the Head of the Norwegian Afghanistan Committee’s Regional Office in Ghazni City. He has a bachelor’s degree in Business Administration from Pune University, India, and is currently, studying for an MBA at MDU University, India.

Arne Strand has a PhD in Post-war Recovery Studies through which he studied coordination of humanitarian assistance in complex emergencies. His research focuses on aid coordination, forced migration and reintegration, peace building and security sector reform and humanitarian and development assistance.

Strand has been team leader of several evaluations and research programmes in and on Afghanistan. He has extensive management experience from NGOs and research institutes, and has also been involved in developing management and professional capacities of Afghan NGOs and peacebuilding organisations.

Ashley Jackson is the Co-Director of the Centre for the Study of Armed Groups at the Overseas Development Institute. She has over a decade of experience working on the ground in conflicts and crises, and she has published widely on humanitarian negotiations and armed groups. She has worked extensively in and on Afghanistan, and on engagement with the Taliban. Prior to her research and academic career, she worked as an aid worker and diplomat with Oxfam, the Red Cross, and the UN in Afghanistan, Indonesia and elsewhere. She holds an MA from the London School of Economics and a PhD from the Department of War Studies at King’s College London.

Emerita Astri Suhrke is a political scientist focusing on the social, political, and humanitarian consequences of violent conflict, and strategies of response. She has for worked for decades on strategies of post-war reconstruction and state building, with particular focus on Afghanistan. Her most recent book is When More is Less: The International Project in Afghanistan (2011).

Aziz Rafiee is the Executive Director of the Afghan Civil Society Forum, and has contributed to civil society development in Afghanistan through more than 23 years of active work and engagement. He has worked with a wide range of civil society stakeholders including social, human rights and cultural organizations as well as NGOs and associations. He has been the founding member of more than 12 civil society organizations who are contributing to Afghanistan’s democratic development processes.

Ehsanullah Zahir is Head of Programs for the Norwegian Afghanistan Committee’s (NAC) at the north-eastern regional office in Badakhshan, working with civil society, governance, dialogue and conflict transformation, education, & food security. He is educated in both health and political sciences and been awarded a one-year fellowship program on leadership for change with the Swedish Institute’s Leader Lab.  He is also been trained on dialogue and conflict transformation and facilitation by the Nansen Centre for Peace and Dialogue, in Lillehammer Norway.

Emran Feroz is an independent journalist and the Founder of Drone Memorial, a virtual memorial for civilian drone strike victims. His work has appeared with the New York Times, Al Jazeera, The Atlantic, The Hindu, Alternet and several other media outlets. He is also a regular contributor to German-language newspapers and magazines.

Hadi Marafat is the Executive Director of the Afghan Center for Memory and Dialogue. He holds a degree in Political Science and International Relations from London’s School of Economics and Political Science. He has worked as a human rights defender with various national and international organisations, including Save the Children, the Joint Electoral Management office, United Nations Human Rights, the Human Rights Watch and Centre for Civilians in Conflict. He is a representative of the Afghanistan Transitional Justice Group to the International Criminal Court.

Hasina Shirzad is a journalist living in Oslo, Norway. She holds a Bachelors from the University of Kabul. She has worked as a communications advisor for Afghanistan’s electoral committee, with UNESCO in Kabul, and the Afghan journalism team and for Khurshid-TV. After she was injured by a car bomb, she left Afghanistan for Norway in 2015. In Norway she has worked with Dagbladet, NOAS and Journalism Media International Centre. She is engaged with Norwegian and international media and has written for The Guardian, Aftenposten and Dagbladet. She is studying for a Masters of Journalism at Oslo Metropolitan University.

Ibrahim Afridi is the co-founder and Managing Director of Together We Build It – Norway, a non-profit organization working to promote and advocate for the important role women and youth play in building peace and security in war-torn countries such as Libya and Afghanistan. Afridi is a board member of the Youth Atlantic Treaty Association Oslo. He is also volunteer at the Norwegian Afghanistan Committee (NAC). Afridi’s academic background is from Political Science and International Relations, and wrote his master thesis on Security Sector Reform in Afghanistan with special focus on the creation of local forces and its influence on the security situation in the country.

Jamila Afghani is an activist for women’s rights and education in Afghanistan. She is the executive director of Medica Afghanistan, and president the Afghan section of the International Women’s League for Peace and Freedom. She is an executive member of the umbrella organization, Afghan Women’s Network (AWN) and part of the non-governmental delegation selected to meet Taliban negotiators in Doha in June 2019.

Kai Eide is a Norwegian diplomat, writer, and analyst. He served as the UN Special Representative to Afghanistan from March 2008 to March 2010. He was previously the Special Envoy of the UN Secretary-General in Kosovo (2005) and Special Representative of the Secretary-General in Bosnia & Herzegovina (1997–1998). His numerous postings include Ambassador to NATO, and to the OSCE. He published the book Power Struggle Over Afghanistan: An Inside Look at What Went Wrong – and What We Can Do to Repair the Damage (Skyhorse, 2012).

Khadija Safi is a gynaecologist, and Senior Health Officer with the Norwegian Afghanistan Committee (NAC). She has conducted dialogue and conflict transformation trainings for students, teachers, medical staff and health institutions throughout Afghanistan since 2010.

Kristian Berg Harpviken is a Research Professor at the Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO). He is a long-time student of Afghanistan and the surrounding region, a frequent media commentator, and lectures regularly to both scholarly and popular audiences. He is author of Social Networks and Migration in Wartime Afghanistan (Palgrave MacMillan, 2009), and (with Shahrbanou Tadjbakhsh), A Rock Between Hard Places: Afghanistan as an Arena of Regional Insecurity (Hurst, 2016).

Liv Kjølseth is a Political Scientist, with a postgraduate degree from the University of Oslo, with a specialisation in International Relations. For the last decade she has held the position of Secretary General of the Norwegian Afghanistan Committee (NAC). Prior to joining NAC, she was Information and Advocacy Adviser for the Norwegian Council for the Rights of the Kurdish People. She has previously worked for the Norwegian Directorate for Immigration (UDI).

Prof. Lutforahman Saeed is an Assistant Professor at the Sharia (Islamic Law) School at Kabul University, Kabul, Afghanistan. He is a graduate of the Kabul University Faculty of Islamic Law (BA 1991) and the University of Washington School of Law (LLM 2010). He is currently a doctoral candidate at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg in Germany. He specializes in Islamic Studies, Philosophy, and Comparative Religions.

Mujib Mashal is the New York Times (NYT) senior correspondent in Afghanistan. Before joining the paper, he wrote for magazines such as The Atlantic, Harper’s, Time and others. He began his journalism career as an intern with NYT’s bureau in Kabul, Afghanistan, in 2010, before moving on to work for Al Jazeera English in Doha and later pursue magazine writing. He returned to NYT as a senior correspondent in October 2016. Born in Kabul, he received a degree in history from Columbia University.

Norunn Grande is currently the acting Director of the Nansen Center for Peace and Dialogue (NCPD), developing and providing training courses in conflict transformation and dialogue facilitation. She is a political scientist, a mediator for the Norwegian Mediation and Reconciliation Service and a member of the Norwegian Afghanistan Committee’s (NAC) program committee.

Dr. Romain Malejacq is an Assistant Professor at the Centre for International Conflict Analysis and Management (CICAM) at Radboud University Nijmegen in the Netherlands. His research focuses on the emergence of political order and governance in conflict environments, including the nature of alternative power structures in civil war. His book, Warlord Survival: The Delusion of State Building in Afghanistan, was published in December 2019.

Siavash Rahbari is the HQ Program Lead for Afghanistan at the International Development Law Organization (IDLO) where he works on access to justice and professional capacity development in the criminal justice sector. Previously, he has worked on criminal law and legal education issues with The Asia Foundation, Open Society Foundation Afghanistan, and the International Legal Foundation. He holds a JD from the University of Texas School of Law.

Samiullah Hamidee, Founder and President of The Organization for Social and Economic Development (OSED), is a civil activist from Helmand Province. He also directs a Practical Legal Education and Legal Aid program and is founder of the first fully functional law clinic and legal aid facility in Helmand province. His works include peacebuilding, regional connectivity/cooperation, anti-corruption reforms and employment generation in Southwest Afghanistan. His contribution to the development of the Civil Society Mechanism for Peace (CSM-Peace) has been recognized as integral. He fulfils a critical role in the Civil Society Consultative Board for Peace (CCB-Peace) where he leads the Technical and Advocacy working group. His organization runs the newly created Journal for Peace Studies and the Journal of Regional Connectivity Studies.

Terje Magnussønn Watterdal is an economist, and an education and disability rights activist. He is currently based in Kabul as the Country Director for the Norwegian Afghanistan Committee (NAC). He has previously worked as education advisor for governments in the Middle East and Southeast Asia, and senior expert for different UN agencies in Afghanistan and elsewhere in Asia. He holds postgraduate degrees from University of Mannheim, Germany and University of St. Gallen, Switzerland.

Dr. Torunn Wimpelmann is a Senior Researcher at Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI) where she is currently the Co-director of the research project New Afghan Men, which explores the changing notions of marriage and masculinity in Afghanistan. She is the author of, The Pitfalls of Protection: Gender, Violence and Power in Afghanistan (University of California Press, 2017).

Yasir Ghulami is a political scientist and wrote his Master’s thesis on the Taliban’s military collapse in 2001. Yasir did field work in Kabul, where he interviewed Mullah Raketti, Dr. Abdullah Abdullah and Mohaqeq, the Taliban’s former education minister. He has worked at the Afghan Embassy in Oslo, with the Norwegian Afghanistan Committee and is now working on resettlement and integration of refugees in Oslo municipality.

Wahida Ghorob is the Coordinator of the Norwegian Afghanistan Committee’s, provincial office in Faryab. She is master trainer in Peace and Conflict Transformation with more than five-years of work experience in social & institutional development including related to education, gender, and civil society in Afghanistan. She has a bachelor’s degree in Political Sciences.

H.E. Mr. Youssof Ghafoorzai, Ambassador of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan to Norway, Denmark and Iceland, is a career diplomat with extensive expertise in international peace and security, post-conflict stabilization, and multilateral institutions. He spent a significant part of his 15 year long career as member of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, which includes ten years at the Permanent Mission of Afghanistan to the United Nations in New York, as a Second Secretary (2006-2008); and Counselor (2010-2014; 2016-2019), where he has led Afghanistan’s peace and security mandate, especially at the UN Security Council.