Afghanistanuka 2022 14-17 november
Et år etter Taliban tok over Afghanistan, skal Afghanistanuka fortsette å være en arena for Afghanistan-engasjementet i Norge, og bidra til å holde Afghanistan høyt på agendaen i norsk politikk. CMI, PRIO, Nansen Fredssenter og Afghanistankomiteen har det faglige ansvaret og samarbeider tett både om aktuelle tema, deltagere, utarbeiding av program og den praktiske gjennomføringen av arrangementene.
Seminar oversikt
14 November
Taliban Land: Film Screening and Discussion with Filmmaker Nagieb Khaja
18:00 – 20:00 CET
Afghanistan Week 2022 kicked off with a showing of the documentary Taliban Land. Following the film, Terje Watterdal held an on-stage discussion with journalist and film maker Nagieb Khaja.
15 November
Trouble in Afghanistan, Trouble in the Neighbourhood?
9:00 – 10:00 CET
How did the tense neighbourly relations play into the 2021 endgame and Taliban’s military victory? How do Afghanistan’s neighbours relate to Afghanistan’s new rulers? Can distant powers contribute to aiding Afghans by working with the country’s neighbours?
Chair: Arne Strand
Panel: Masood Karokhail, Ilaria Carozza, Kristian Berg Harpviken, Andrew Watkins
Religious Actors in Afghanistan: What is Their Role under Taliban Rule?
10:30 – 11:30 CET
The role and significance of religious actors in Afghanistan has been disputed by Afghans and the international community. Still, they are recipients of support economically and morally. In the current situation, after the Taliban takeover – what space is available for religious actors? What role can religious leaders play? Earlier female religious leaders had an important role as educators and mediators in domestic cases – what is the situation now? And is there a potential for religious leaders as bridgebuilders and promoters of non-violence and peace?
Chair: Norunn Grande
Panel: Tamkin Hamayuddin, Nazifa Jalili, Kaja Borchgrevink
Dialogue on Women’s Rights in Afghanistan: How to Engage, and at What Risk?
17:00 – 19:00 CET
This session took a closer look at the latest development in the struggle for women’s rights in Afghanistan and the region. The session took the form of a public dialogue, a method for exploring conversation with space to share experiences, thoughts, and ideas without arguing. The conversation was dynamically developed with a facilitator who ensured that everyone who wished to contribute had time and space to share.
Facilitators: Norunn Grande and Hasina Shirzad
Participants on stage: Horia Mosadic, Nora Ingdal and Roxanne Sharpour
16 November
The 2001 Intervention and the Current State of Terror in the World
9.00 – 10:00 CET
The Taliban’s commitment to prevent new terror attacks from Afghan soil was key in their February 2020 Agreement with the US. Yet, as President Joe Biden made clear in his speech the day after the Taliban’s entry into Kabul last August, terror networks have ‘metastasized’ and now constitute an element in an ever-larger share of the worlds’ armed conflicts. Against this background, how are we do judge the intervention in Afghanistan, which signaled the onset of the War on Terror?
Chair: Kristian Berg Harpviken
Panellists: Anne Likuski, Nagieb Khaja, Andrew Watkins
Launch of Timor Sharan’s book: Inside Afghanistan
Afghan academic Timor Shahran’s new book maps how political networks and centers of power engaged in patronage, corruption, and illegality. Such networks effectively constituted the Afghan state and became an integral part of the of the U.S.-led military intervention and the internationally directed state building project.
Sharan argues that politics and statehood in Afghanistan over the last two decades, including the ultimate collapse of the government in August 2021, are best understood as the dynamics of internal political networks. Through these networks, warlords and patronage networks captured and controlled key sectors within the state and economy, including mining, banking, and illicit drugs, as well as elections and other political processes.
The book offers a way to explain what it was that the international community as well as the Afghan elites in power, got so wrong, and how Afghanistan came full circle with the Taliban returning to power almost two decades after it was toppled in the US-led 2001 intervention.
Chair: Torunn Wimpelmann
Panel: Timor Shahran, Andrew Watkins
Norwegian Intelligence in Afghanistan: How Much did they Know?
16:30 – 17:30 CET
The Norwegian Godal Committee (Afghanistanutvalget) from 2017 stated that «the support the Intelligence Service provided to the Special Forces through the National Intelligence Support Team (NIST) was the most comprehensive and resource-intensive part of the service’s involvement in Afghanistan.» The data feed into the targeted killings that were an integral part of the Western military operations.
Frank Bakke Jensen stated that Norway is not responsible for whether data collected by us is used for the killing of civilians. But several critics have contested this, arguing that some of intelligence proved weak, and that Norway has a legal responsibility under the Geneva Convention for how its intelligence was used for.
What lessons can we draw from this experience and apply to future intelligence operations? To what extent can we be sure that Norwegian armed forces and Western forces in general operate based on correct information in other conflict situations today?
Frode Kristoffersen and Kjetil Hatlebrekke discussed their newly published book about intelligence, where they spoke about specific missions they have been on, and about the dilemmas that intelligence officers face in the field. They explained what kind of people they are looking for, how they prioritize and what the Intelligence Service does to protect Norway from threats.
Chair: Laila Bokhari
Panel: Cecilie Hellestveit, Frode Kristoffersen, Kjetil Hatlebrekke, Kristian Berg Harpviken
The Role of Norway and the International Community in Afghanistan
18:00 – 20:00 CET
The focal event for the 2022 Afghanistan Week presented reflections on the current state of affairs by the Norwegian Minister of Foreign Affairs, Anniken Huitfeldt, followed by a panel.
Chair: Kristian Berg Harpviken
Opening remarks: Liv Kjølseth
Keynote: Anniken Huitfeldt
Panel: Masood Karokhail, Shah Gul Rezaye, Roxanne Sharpour, Terje Watterdal
17 November
Taliban, Governance: Order and Justice under Afghanistan’s new Powerholders
9:30 – 10:00 CET
The panel explored the vision of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan: How they are organized, how they govern, how their justice sector operates, how they relate to ethnic and religious minorities, what their gender policy is and to what extent they see it as their responsibility to provide basic services to the Afghan population.
Chair: Arne Strand
Panel: Haroun Rahimi, Andrew Watkins, Shah Gul Rezaye, Torunn Wimpelmann, Masood Karokhail
Responding to Needs in Afghanistan: From Humanitarian Relief to Sustainable Development
10:30 – 11:30 CET
This panel examined how the international donor community responded to the Taliban takeover, and how humanitarian assistance was rapidly scaled up to prevent the worst-case scenarios. It also looked at the experiences of national and international NGOs who continued working in the rural communities, supporting basic services in health, education, and food security at a time where the international funding of the public sector in Afghanistan was cut off.
Chair: Karim Merchant
Panel: Zarqa Yaftali, Roxanne Sharpour, Liv Kjølseth, Arne Strand
En samtale med forfatter Åsne Seierstad
18:00 – 19:00 CET
Afghanistankomiteens generalsekretær Liv Kjølseth i samtale med forfatter Åsne Seierstad om hennes nye bok ‘Afghanerne’.
Andrew Watkins is a senior expert on Afghanistan for the U.S. Institute of Peace and has worked in and on Afghanistan in a number of roles. He was previously the senior analyst on Afghanistan for the International Crisis Group, where he researched and published reports and commentary on the country’s conflict and politics. He was also an analyst of insurgent groups for the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan and studied the Taliban as an independent researcher. As an advisor to humanitarian organizations based across the country, he traveled widely and conducted extensive field research. He also served as a liaison with local security forces for several years.
Anne Likuski is a Senior Research Fellow at the Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI). She specialises in the study of Islamist militancy, notably in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Dr. Stenersen speaks Arabic, Russian and some Persian, and has conducted extensive fieldwork in Afghanistan and Pakistan since 2008. She is the author of Al-Qaida in Afghanistan (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017) and Al-Qaida’s quest for weapons of mass destruction: The history behind the hype (Saarbrücken: VMD, 2007). She has published in international journals such as Perspectives on Terrorism, Terrorism and Political Violence and Studies in Conflict and Terrorism. In addition, she has written several book chapters, blog posts and op-eds, and she is frequently used as an expert commentator on terrorism in the Norwegian and international media.
Anniken Huitfeldt was the Norwegian Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2021-2023. She previously served as Minister of Children and Equality from 2008 to 2009, Minister of Culture from 2009 to 2012 and Minister of Labour and Social Inclusion from 2012 to 2013. Huitfeldt has a bachelor degree in political science and history from the University of Oslo, basic courses in geography from London School of Economics and a master degree in History from the University of Oslo.
Arne Strand has a PhD in Post-war Recovery Studies through which he studied coordination of humanitarian assistance in complex emergencies. His research focuses on aid coordination, forced migration and reintegration, peace building and security sector reform and humanitarian and development assistance.
Strand has been team leader of several evaluations and research programmes in and on Afghanistan. He has extensive management experience from NGOs and research institutes, and has also been involved in developing management and professional capacities of Afghan NGOs and peacebuilding organisations.
Cecilie Hellestveit is a Norwegian lawyer, international law expert, conflict researcher and foreign policy commentator. She is educated as a lawyer and social scientist with language and area studies in Arabic and Russian, and has a doctorate in international humanitarian law on the rules for combat in civil war.
Elisabeth Eide is a Norwegian writer, journalist and professor. Eide works at the Department of Journalism and Media Studies at Oslo Metropolitan University, and has written multiple academic books, articles, and novels. Eide had her novel debut in 1994 with the book Til Kabul faller. She has worked in The Norwegian Afghanistan Committee and the Norwegian PEN.
Frode Kristoffersen is a Norwegian officer. He was appointed brigadier and head of the department for education, planning and operations in the Norwegian Intelligence Service in 2020. He has previously been the head of the Swedish Armed Forces’ special command. In 2013, Kristoffersen was awarded the St. Olavs medal with oak branch «for outstandingly displaying personal bravery and leadership during combat in international operations in Afghanistan in 2007”.
Haroun Rahimi is an Assistant Professor of Law at the American University of Afghanistan and a Visiting Professor of Law at Bocconi University School of Law. Rahimi’s research focuses on economic laws, institutional reform, Islamic finance, and divergent conceptions of rule of law in Muslim and modern thoughts, and religious authority. Rahimi has also collaborated as an independent consultant with several research firms and policy think tanks conducting policy research on institutional development and good governance in the South Asia context. Rahimi was a visiting scholar at the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law (UNIDROIT) in Rome. More recently, Haroun Rahimi has become Global Academy Scholar at MESA.
Hasina Shirzad is a journalist living in Oslo, Norway. She holds a Bachelors from the University of Kabul. She has worked as a communications advisor for Afghanistan’s electoral committee, with UNESCO in Kabul, and the Afghan journalism team and for Khurshid-TV. After she was injured by a car bomb, she left Afghanistan for Norway in 2015. In Norway she has worked with Dagbladet, NOAS and Journalism Media International Centre. She is engaged with Norwegian and international media and has written for The Guardian, Aftenposten and Dagbladet. She is studying for a Masters of Journalism at Oslo Metropolitan University.
Ilaria Carrozza is a Senior Researcher at the Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO), where she works on China’s foreign policy; artificial intelligence as a frontier of US-China competition; the ethics of algorithms; dual-use technology; the Digital Silk Road; and the security assistance provided to countries in Africa, the Middle East and Southeast Asia. My broader research interests include China’s engagement in Africa and Asia, the Belt and Road Initiative, and South-South cooperation. Prior to joining PRIO, she was the editor of Millennium: Journal of International Studies, Vol. 45, and she worked as a consultant at the UNESCAP in Bangkok, where she led a project on sustainable development in the Asia-Pacific region. She has a PhD in International Relations from the London School of Economics and Political Science and a MA in Chinese Studies from the School of Oriental and African Studies.
Kaja Borchgrevink is a Senior Researcher at PRIO and she takes an interest in religion and development, the politics of aid, and everyday religion among Muslims in Norway – often with a focus on gender and transnational perspectives. Borchgrevink has a background from Development Studies and practical development work in South Asia, and she has studied religious education in Afghanistan and Pakistan, and the transnational connections between religious seminaries (madrasas) in the two countries. Earlier research also includes studies of the relationship between civil society and peace building in Afghanistan with a focus on religious groups and networks.
Karim Merchant is currently a freelance consultant on policy, programme and project development and management in the fields of rural development, humanitarian assistance, conflict-sensitive development and peacebuilding. Over the last 23 years, Karim has worked in Afghanistan with local civil society organisations, INGOS, UN Agencies, donors and the several previous Afghan governments. He lectures on Fragile and Conflict Affected States and Peacebuilding and continues to support policy and programme design initiatives for Afghanistan.
Kjetil Anders Hatlebrekke is a practitioner-scholar specializing in intelligence theory and training with a PhD from King’s College in London. Hatlebrekke has served in the Norwegian Armed Forces since 1990, and has operational experience from Bosnia, Kosovo, the Middle East and Afghanistan. In Afghanistan he served as an intelligence officer in Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Anaconda, and his is unit was awarded the US Navy Presidential Unit Citation. He is currently Associate Professor at The Norwegian Defense Intelligence School, and Visiting Senior Research Fellow in the Department of War Studies at King’s College in London.
Kristian Berg Harpviken is a Research Professor at the Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO). He is a long-time student of Afghanistan and the surrounding region, a frequent media commentator, and lectures regularly to both scholarly and popular audiences. He is author of Social Networks and Migration in Wartime Afghanistan (Palgrave MacMillan, 2009), and (with Shahrbanou Tadjbakhsh), A Rock Between Hard Places: Afghanistan as an Arena of Regional Insecurity (Hurst, 2016).
Liv Kjølseth is a Political Scientist, with a postgraduate degree from the University of Oslo, with a specialisation in International Relations. For the last decade she has held the position of Secretary General of the Norwegian Afghanistan Committee (NAC). Prior to joining NAC, she was Information and Advocacy Adviser for the Norwegian Council for the Rights of the Kurdish People. She has previously worked for the Norwegian Directorate for Immigration (UDI).
Masood Karokhail is the Director and co-founder of The Liaison Office (TLO) established 2003 in Kabul, Afghanistan. Under his leadership, TLO has grown into one of Afghanistan’s premier research, peace-building and livelihood NGOs. Karokhail is strongly committed to engaging customary and state institutions to promote good governance, access to justice, livelihood improvements and civil society across Afghanistan. Prior to co-founding TLO, Karokhail worked with the Swiss Peace Foundation (swisspeace) to develop the Afghan Civil Society Forum and as Afghanistan Country Manager for Unilever during the Taliban regime. Karokhail received his MBA from Preston University in Islamabad and Peshawar, Pakistan and was a visiting research fellow at the Centre for Development Research (ZEF) in Bonn
Nagieb Khaja is a Danish journalist, documentary film maker, writer and war correspondent. Khaja is the director of the movie ‘Taliban Land’ which is an account of the Afghan people and how they have been a central part of a political game for more than 50 years. As a war correspondent, Khaja has reported for Al Jazeera English, Vice and BBC from Afghanistan, Syria and Palestine. Khaja has been nominated twice for the Cavling Prize, which is a prestigious Danish journalist award.
Nazifa Jalali is from Zabul, Afghanistan, living in Harstad, Norway. She has worked in 28 provinces of Afghanistan with national and international NGOs. She has traveled to several countries and participated in many political talks with the Taliban as the Afghan women’s representative. One of those talks was the Oslo talk. WILFP – Afghanistan has made a documentary about Nazifa’s Activities in Afghanistan.
Norunn Grande is currently the acting Director of the Nansen Center for Peace and Dialogue (NCPD), developing and providing training courses in conflict transformation and dialogue facilitation. She is a political scientist, a mediator for the Norwegian Mediation and Reconciliation Service and a member of the Norwegian Afghanistan Committee’s (NAC) program committee.
Shah Gul Rezaie was elected to represent Ghazni province in Afghanistan’s Wolesi Jirga, the lower house of the National Legislature, in 2005. She holds a bachelor’s degree in law and political science from Kabul University and worked as a teacher and principal at a girls’ school in Jaghori before being elected to the Wolesi Jirga. She was evacuated to Norway after the Taliban takeover in the summer of 2021 but is in close contact with her network in Afghanistan.
Dr. Timor Sharan is the former Deputy Minister at Independent Directorate of Local Governance of the Afghan government and the former Senior Policy Analyst for International Crisis Group.
Terje Magnussønn Watterdal is an economist, and an education and disability rights activist. He is currently based in Kabul as the Country Director for the Norwegian Afghanistan Committee (NAC). He has previously worked as education advisor for governments in the Middle East and Southeast Asia, and senior expert for different UN agencies in Afghanistan and elsewhere in Asia. He holds postgraduate degrees from University of Mannheim, Germany and University of St. Gallen, Switzerland.
Dr. Torunn Wimpelmann is a Senior Researcher at Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI) where she is currently the Co-director of the research project New Afghan Men, which explores the changing notions of marriage and masculinity in Afghanistan. She is the author of, The Pitfalls of Protection: Gender, Violence and Power in Afghanistan (University of California Press, 2017).
Zarqha Yaftali is the Director of the Women and Children Legal Research Foundation which focuses on promoting and supporting civil society efforts to include women in decision-making at a national level. Ms. Yaftali is Board Member of the Women’s Regional Network (WRN) and Co-chair of the Women Peace and Security working group. She has served as a Board Member of the Afghan Women’s Network (AWN) and is currently the Chair of Advocacy for Approval of Family Law, the Sexual Harassment Advocacy Group, and is Co-Chair of the Child Protection Action Network (CPAN).
In addition, she has carried out several large research and action projects directed at the improving public policy focused on women and children. In recognition of her work, she has received numerous awards including: She is the recipient of several awards including Winner of N-Peace Award 2019 From Afghanistan; Receiving an Award from Women Regional Network (WRN); Receiving an Award from Friedrich Ebert Stiftung
Åsne Seierstad is a Norwegian freelance journalist and writer. As a reporter, she is known for her work in war zones such as Afghanistan, Iraq and most recently Chechnya. The Bookseller of Kabul, her bestselling book, is an account of the time she spent living with an Afghan family in Kabul after the fall of the Taliban in 2001. Her other books include One Hundred And One Days: A Baghdad Journal which describes the three months she spent in Iraq in the build-up to the U.S.-led invasion in 2003; Angel of Grozny: Inside Chechnya, an account of the time she spent in Chechnya after the war; and One of Us: The Story of Anders Breivik and the Massacre in Norway (2015).
